Best seller of oilless pneumatic cylinders.
With trust and proven performance, it meets various fields.
Top seller among oilless enclosed type pneumatic cylinders.
With its high reliability and proven performance, this cylinder meets various applications in different fields.

Model code

1 Dust cover

Note: Please refer to p.16 for the structure.

2 Mounting style

Note:
Some types may not be available for production.
Please refer to p.158 for details.

3 Bore size

4 Stroke (Please order it by it a mm unit)

5 Piston Rod Attachment

Notes:

In the case of YM, YKM, or YKGM, fix with a lock nut.
Some types may not be available for production. Please refer to p.170 for details.

6 Lock-nut

Notes:

When using 2 lock-nuts, the standard length of the piston rod thread is the same as when using 1 lock-nut.

If a different length is required, please specify dimension A.

For more details on lock-nuts, refer to p.171.

7 Port bushing

Note:
This bushing reduces the port size one step down, e.g., from Rc3/8 to Rc1/4.

8 Port position

Note:
Cannot establish the plumbing and the position of the cushion in the same aspect.

9 Cushion position

Without Cushion

Note:

If both ⑧ (Port position) and ⑨ (Cushion position) are standard (8:1・5, 9:2・6), the code is unnecessary.

If any position is changed, all codes must be entered.
Cannot establish the plumbing and the position of the cushion in the same aspect.

10 Pressure vessel construction code

Note:

The applicability of pressure vessel standards differs depending on the part.
For details on the pressure vessel construction code, refer to p.12.

• Kouei is Distributor/Agent of KONAN.
• Other items of KONAN.
• Request the quotation for KONAN.

Specifications

Model Code

Operation

External Dimensions

Structure

Parts

• Kouei is Distributor/Agent of KONAN.
• Other items of KONAN.
• Request the quotation for KONAN.

Rotation Speed

Specification & Dimension

• Kouei is Distributor/Agent of Musashino.
• Other items of Musashino
• Request the quotation for Musashino.

Power off (during power outage) return type ball valve operator MCP Series
MCP-03 type “Two-wire operation type”

MCP-03 type:
A built-in electric double layer capacitor allows the two-wire operating device to open and close by simply turning the power on and off.

Specification

Specifications

Features

Metal Sheathed thermocouple is comprised of metal sheath in which the thermoelectric elements are embedded in highly compacted magnesium oxide (MgO) insulation.

The construction guarantees a superb insulation quality and high resistance to pressure, and has, in addition, an excellent flexibility, which has been given to it by annealing in a proper method.

Standard Models of THERMIC Metal Sheathed Thermocouple (Model: TM)

TMB: Flexible Shield Lead Type		TMH: Terminal Head Type
TMES(L): Metal Connector Type		TMN: Screwed-in Plain Nipple Type
TNDS(L): Quick Connector Type		TMNF: Flange Nipple Type

Type JWM-25 Tank Cleaning Gear

This type is the best choice for cleaning and can operate labor-saving.

Features

This type is compact and light.
This type can rotate spontaneously by the pressure of cleaning solution.
It can clean inside of tanks efficiently.
Designed for low or intermediate-pressure cleaning, this device operates without requiring high-pressure pumps.
It can also apply to hot-water and solvent cleaning.
Simple structure.
Price–performance ratio is excellent.
The rotation direction of the body is opposite to the screwed part, so it barely loosens.

Function

For automatic cleaning of various tanks and containers.
For automatic cleaning the inside of various equipment, rooms, or containers

News Top Ace

Dimension drawing

The symbol ※ indicates the screw thread shape of the FA-210-O.
The symbol ※2 indicates the size of FA-210-O and FA-220-H.

Specifications

Flow Rate Characteristics Table Pressure

Feature

Robust and ultra-compact, the lightest in its class.
Suitable for installation in both outdoor and indoor settings, including factories, laboratories, and research facilities, thanks to its complete sealed design.
Fully equipped with three major mechanisms: backfire prevention, backflow prevention, and shut-off.
Extremely simple and easy to handle, including installation and reset procedures.

Reset Queen/Reset Ace II

Dimensional Drawing/ Reset Procedure

Specifications

Flow rate characteristics table

Feature

Installation, reset, and handling are extremely simple and easy.
Fully equipped with the three major mechanisms of backfire prevention, backflow prevention, and shut-off.
It is possible to reset the check valve without removal during dry safety device operation.

Stop King 5 Plus

Dimension drawing

Specifications

※4 is (Public Corporation) Industrial Safety Technology Association Certified Product FA-510-P (Type Certification Approval Number: TIIS-YT0022), FA-510-H (Type Certification Approval Number: TIIS-YT0021).
※5 is (Public Corporation) Industrial Safety Technology Association Performance Test Approved Product (PJ346).

Flow rate characteristics table

Feature

Fully equipped with the three major mechanisms of backfire prevention, backflow prevention, and shut-off.
Equipped with operational display mechanism for normal and backfire conditions.
Adopted external reset mechanism, allowing reset without removing the body from the piping.

Kouei is Distributor/Agent of Nissan Tanaka
Other items of Nissan Tanaka
Request the quotation for Nissan Tanaka

The TWINTIER® RB611T is the fastest solution for tying #5 x #5 to #9 x #10 rebar combinations, making it the largest capacity rebar tying tool on the market. TWINTIER® technology allows the RB611T to tie 5,000 ties per charge, while delivering just the right amount of wire for greater productivity and cost savings. Compared to hand tying this tool can reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injuries.

Applications

• Road and Bridge
• Foundations
• Precast Plants
• Electrical Conduit
• Retaining Walls
• Power Plant
• Water Retaining Structure

FEATURES

• The RB611T’s jaw capacity enables the tool tie up to a #9 x #10* rebar providing an efficient solution for large bar job sites.*Varies by rebar manufacturer.
• The TwinTier’s Dual Wire Feeding Mechanism doubles the tying speed, completing a tie in approximately ½ second, increasing productivity.
• Compared to conventional rebar tying solutions the TwinTier’s Wire Pull Back Mechanism dispenses the precise amount of wire needed to form a tie, reducing wire usage and cutting production cost.
• The TwinTier’s “Wire Bending Mechanism” (Patent Pending) produces a shorter tie height which requires less concrete to cover a wire tie.
• An enclosed magazine protects tie wire and internal mechanisms from debris, providing greater durability.
• The Twintier’s Quick Load Magazine allows operators to quickly load tie wire.

SPECIFICATIONS

CONSUMABLES / ACCESSORIES

Diaphragm Seal Type Pressure Gauges & Switches
These pressure gauges use a liquid filled between the diaphragm seal and the element as the pressure transmission medium.
Our catalog introduces pressure indicator gauges, pressure gauges with electric contact, pressure switches, differential pressure gauges, differential pressure gauges with electric contact, and differential pressure switches.
You can select the diaphragm seal and bottom flange of the wetted part to match the application, making these gauges suitable for measuring highly corrosive fluids, high viscosity fluids, and fluids mixed with solids or that solidify easily.

Features

• You can use a highly corrosion-resistant diaphragm at the diaphragm seal, allowing you to measure high viscosity and highly corrosive fluids.
  When you weld the diaphragm, you can easily clean its surface by loosening the case mounting bolt.
• You can use a zero adjustment pointer to easily correct temperature errors, elevation errors, and other errors.
  The adoption of a welded-type diaphragm reduces the risk of leaking the filled liquid.
  (Except for some diaphragm materials)

Auxiliary voltage detection device that outputs buzzer sound and flashing at a distance when approaching the live line.

Features

When detecting a live line, the buzzer and flashing outputs are activated.
It is ideal for preventing human errors, as there is no power switch and it is always on standby.

Specification

About Field Intensity
(Changing of Operation Distance vs. Voltage)
Operation distance is varied depending on the actual surrounding environment.

The Operation Voltage-Distance Table and graph are theoretical values. Please confirm operation distance in the actual use environment before using.

Other items of Hasegawa Electric
Request the quotation for Hasegawa Electric

Features of HX-120

Direct, accurate moisture percentages are obtained by simply driving the probe needles into the copra, The model HX- 120 is indispensable for copra processors or exporters.

Specification

Other items of KETT ELECTRIC LABORATORY

Request the quotation for KETT ELECTRIC LABORATORY

Features

• This is a general-purpose, low-cost vibration sensor that outputs 4 to 20mA with an integrated sensor and amplifier. Furthermore, it serves as a low-cost, simple vibration monitoring sensor, which is ideal for controlling and monitoring rotating machines. Specifically, there are three types of measurements available: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.Given that the output is a 4-20mA DC, you can directly connect it to recorders, indicators, sequence circuits, etc., which simplifies the setup process. Additionally, because the sensor and amplifier are integrated, there is no need for a separate vibration meter amplifier, thus reducing equipment costs.Moreover, it is designed as a 2-wire system that includes both power supply and signal lines, and conveniently, the connection polarity does not matter. This feature enhances ease of installation and reduces the likelihood of connection errors.

  You can also use it as a vibrometer or for vibrometer purposes by connecting it to a dedicated monitor or meter relay. This versatility makes it suitable for a wide range of applications.

  Lastly, it is compatible with the MVM type of Fuji Electric Co., Ltd., ensuring that it can be integrated into existing systems that utilize components from this well-regarded manufacturer.

Usage

For incorporation into rotating machines such as motors, pumps, and blowers.
As a vibration sensor for automatic inspection systems.
As a simple type dedicated vibration meter.
For equipment diagnosis of machine tools, chemical and manufacturing plants.
For other vibration measurements and monitoring.

Specification

Manufacturer : Honda Kiko

Model : HCS/HC

Features

• Small sized rigid type, with casting, materials and manufacturing all being strictly controlled. This pump has excellent reliability and durability.
• Standardization allows the parts to be fully interchanged.
• This pump has high efficiency over a wide flow rate and excellent suction performance.
• This pump, through many years of performance and experience, has come to be used in a wide range of applications.

Applications

• • Water treating industries
    Water treatment of various waste water, Sewage and Purification.
  • Chemical industries
    Oil, Soda, Sulfuric acid and Chemical fertilizer.
  • Pollution control industries
    Waste water treatment at diversified industries.
  • Dye and bleaching industries
    Dye work process, Dye synthetic factories and Bleaching liquid treating process.
  • Oil and fat industries
    Oil refining, Soap and Paint producing factories and Fuel oil transfer.
  • Textile industries
    Spinning and Chemical fiber factories
  • Medicine and cosmetics industries
    Medicines, Agricultural chemicals, Cosmetic producers and Hospitals
  • Food and beverage industries
    Brewage vinegar and Japanese sake producing factories, Saltfield, Fruit juice factories, Beer and Milk factories.
  • Metal industries
    Plate, Steel plate, Wire and Coating industries.
  • Agricultural and fishery
    Sprinkling of agricultural chemicals, Fish farming and Sea water handling etc.

Design data

Accessories

• Base Plate
• Coupling
• Guard
• Anchor bolts/nuts

Design Concept

Materials List

Dimensional Drawing

A guide to above dimensional information

1. Pump selection number and output shall be combined with arrow.
2. Dimensions are subject to change.
3. 1=52  2=50  3=45  4=40  5=35
   In case of Double mechanical seal, the above dimensions shall be added to B and R total.

Features

Au-plated contact materials (Low contact resistance). Φ30mm body.
3 types attenuation circuits.
Used a highly precise resistor. Rear terminal.

Specifications

Electrical Specifications

Mechanical Specifications

General Specifications

    CA-9C (with rubber)

    CA-8B (with rubber)

Japanese patents: No. 830450, No. 830451, No. 997260, No. 1132012
British patent: No. 1461426

Features

• Generates a large amount of electricity per unit weight.
• Possible to design with long service life
• Since it does not contain harmful ingredients, there is no need to worry about environmental pollution.
• It is lightweight and has good workability.
• Applicable to various environments such as changes in current density and water quality.

Application targets

It is most commonly used for corrosion protection on harbor walls, piers, oil drilling rigs, floating wave breakers, and mooring wharves, and is also widely used for ship shells.

Features

• A 75mm card dia externally gimballed flat top magnetic compass type approved for Lifeboat use.
• Electric lighting from behind the compass card. 24V bulb as standard.
• Type approval certificate: issued by Japanese DOT (Ship Equipment Inspection Society of Japan)

FEATURES

Best suitable to cut stainless steel pipe cleanly for such as semiconductor equipment.
As cutting fluid is not used, cleaning after cutting is not required.
The cut-edge surface is precise and clean. The surface finishing of the edge is higher grade.
The outer cutting edge is free of burrs. Internal burrs can be removed easily with an accessory tool.
Being compact and light in weight, this Tube Cutter is feasible for carrying. (ISTEC200)

Specification

STANDARD ACCESSORIES／OPTIONS

※Note1：Cutting blades for 1/4, 3/8, and 1/2sizes are common (ISTEC200). 3/4, 1, 10A, 15A, 20A, 25A are common (ISTEC340)
※Note 2：Standard accessory is 3/4. Other sizes of 1, 10A, 15A, 20A, and 25A are options.
※Note 3： Blade holder and Adapter are required for each size.
No adapter is required for 1/2 inch of ISTEC 200.
※Note 4： Internal burr remover is for 1/4(inch)→ Thickness 1mm, 1/2(inch)→Thickness 1.24mm. (ISTEC200)
※Note 5： Available 1 piece as standard accessory . Also available for option as well.

OUTSIDE DIMENSION

Feature

• Sanritsu manufactures its electrode holders in the only plant approved by JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards), capturing an 80% share in Japan’s domestic market.
• These holders feature metallic parts made of resistant materials, ensuring they pass all JIS-mandated inspections and dielectric strength tests.
• Users can rely on these products for safety and confidence.
• Significantly, the metal fittings on these holders, unlike those found in other models, are forged.
• This design choice imparts superior strength, wear resistance, and heat resistance while minimizing temperature increases during use.
• The handle, crafted from a special flexible plastic rather than traditional cast material, offers exceptional impact strength, comparable to other insulating covers.
• Complying with JIS standards, all components uphold strict quality norms.
• This commitment to quality doesn’t come at the expense of affordability or convenience; the parts are mass-produced for cost efficiency.
• Additionally, they are interchangeable, enhancing practicality.
• The cable connection utilizes a hold screw mechanism, simplifying attachment without needing solder or soldering irons, unlike soldering types.
• This feature makes attaching cables to the handle straightforward.

Specifications

Kouei is Distributor/Agent of Sanritsu Electric
Other items of Sanritsu Electric
Request the quotation for Sanritsu Electric

Features

Continuous use max. hot-air temp.  300ﾟC (350ﾟC when the auto-temp controller TRT is used.)
Heatproof blower for the hot-air can be circulated is equipped to the all type. (Energy saving !)
(Hot-air circulation temp.  TSK-17B : 140ﾟC, TSK-22B – 132B : 230ﾟC)
Each sensor for the safety circuit is built. (Electronic safety circuit is adopted.)
(High reliability  thermocouple is adopted to the each safety circuit.)
Each blowerless type (only heater) is prepared.
Safety circuit power supply lamp with the buzzer is equipped.

Specification

This is a small plug-in type high-speed response isolator that isolates the input, output and power supply from each other. It isolates signals of various levels from other circuits and amplifies and converts them into signals that can be handled in a unified manner within the measurement control system, demonstrating its power as a noise countermeasure.

Features

• High-speed response type with a response time of 120 μs
• Fine adjustment of zero and span is possible with a 15-turn trimmer.
• Extends the zero/span adjustment range to ±10%
• Safe design with a withstand voltage of 3000V
• DC30V power supply compatible
• Long-life design & long-term 5-year warranty
• Conforms to CE marking

(Unit : mm)

Specifications

Specification

Hydraulic Fluid: Petroleum base mineral oil (Contact us when fire-resistant fluid is in used)
Accuracy: Within ± 2.0% of the max. set pressure
Port Size Rc3/8 (G1/2 only for 70MPa use)
Electrical lifetime: 1 million cycles or more.
Mechanical lifetime: ditto
Weight: 1.5kg approximately
Note: The differential pressure differs according to the set pressure.

Features

Specification

RL-204-5

RL-207-4 [RL-4]

RL-40

Specifications

Summary

PLUG-IN Valstaff provides 24/7 online diagnostic monitoring for Azbil’s smart valve positioners. By tracking real-time performance via HART or FOUNDATION Fieldbus, it prevents unexpected failures and ensures safe, continuous plant operation.
Core Functionality
Preventive Maintenance: Detects early-stage valve issues through constant parameter monitoring.
Efficient Startup: Automates step response testing and positioner adjustments for faster commissioning.
Optimized Planning: Analyzes deterioration data to help managers prioritize overhauls and refine maintenance schedules
Compatibility & Integration
The system integrates directly with leading device management platforms:
Azbil: InnovativeField Organizer.
Yokogawa: Plant Resource Manager (PRM).

Features

PLUG-IN Valstaff optimizes control valve maintenance through three integrated core functions. First, it performs online monitoring by continuously tracking diagnostic data to visualize deterioration and identify abnormalities without interrupting production. Building on this, the system executes automated step response testing during shutdowns to analyze dynamic performance; moreover, by comparing current waveforms against historical data, it reveals wear and significantly shortens maintenance windows. Finally, the intelligent auto-setup function automatically adjusts positioners while measuring stroke time and hysteresis, thereby allowing operators to track long-term trends and pinpoint specific mechanical issues with high precision.

Functions

PLUG-IN Valstaff extracts real-time positioner data to monitor valve health and predict maintenance without downtime:
Usage & Wear: Tracks total travel and shut-off frequency to assess mechanical load and seat ring wear.
Friction & Movement: Monitors reversal cycles and stick-slip motion to detect gland deterioration or sticking parts.
Operational Integrity: Uses travel histograms to verify sizing accuracy and identify internal clogging or trim damage.
Actuator Health: Measures peak speeds to pinpoint air leaks or guidance friction.
Performance Baseline: Compares setpoints with actual travel to provide the primary indicator of control accuracy.

Torque wrench with digital display for bolts/nuts tightening. The torque setting is available through the display that shows the numerical value.
When the preset torque value is reached, the wrench will make a click sound and slightly opposed force.
When experiencing difficulty in removing the socket bolt, socket exchange is possible with a simple push of the button.

Specification

This product has a patent and design registered.
N / m
Repeated Accuracy( ± 3%)
Socket Holding Mechanism

Accessories

Calibration Certificate W/H Traceability: 1
Instruction manual: 1
Plastic case: 1

Visible Indicator (Patent and design are registered)

Socket holding mechanism ( The Fall Prevention Type)

When attaching or removing, please be sure to go while pushing a pushrod hole in pin of Ø D non-rises.

Features

• Tightening: The clamp will lock onto the workpiece when the lock handle is pulled completely upwards. When locked, the shock from the workpiece coming to rest on the floor or the slackening of the sling rope will not cause the clamp
• Releasing: The clamp can be unlocked by pulling the lock handle completely downward. When unlocked there will be no clamping force on the workpiece. Never attempt to lift when the clamp is unlocked, the clamping force on the workpiece will be insufficient.

Example:

Specifications

Durable and reliable, this ultra-light hoist can be operated with minimum manual power.

Features

• Lighter, smaller, and more efficient, these hoists are invaluable for lifting applications.
• A high-class load chain with a breaking strength of 1000 N/mm2 (100 kgf/mm2) is key to reliable and safe operation.
• The dry-type braking mechanism provides excellent performance.
• Shock-resistant gear case and hand wheel cover
• Double-pawl spring mechanism for extra reliability

Technical Characteristics

Options

Manufacturer: KITO

Model: LB

Specification

Direct type hammer ring equipment for widespread applications

It has been used in this way

• 01. Food factory RKD used when removing chocolate from formwork in chocolate factory
• 02. Elimination of wall adhesion of tumble dryers
• 03. Excess paint removal for powder coating
• 04. Prevention of wall surface adhesion for heating furnaces, knocking off welding sputtering, and prevention of workpiece adhesion on the mesh in the drying furnace
• 05. Used for engraving
• 06. Moisture drop of the base

• Features

• The air-type relay knocker series (direct type) is a unique device in which the piston directly and forced the hopper wall surface etc. with the force of compressed air, and the impact eliminates the adhesion and blockage prevention of powders. In addition, since it can be used only by air supply, it is excellent in safety and economy, and can be used with peace of mind without hindrance to powders with the property of sticking when centrilytic force is given. In the case of the vibe type, it is a type that strikes the fixed position knocker base attached, but it can hit what comes moving, move the knocker itself to hit, and the application will spread with one idea. In addition, it can be used in the same way as vibe type.

• Dimensions, installation and operation panel

  Product dimension diagram

  

• High strength adoption improves durability

  

  The blow force can be varied by adjusting the supply air pressure.

• Relay piping of multiple simultaneous use is possible.

  Oil-free, drive-free and eco-friendly

  Simple construction and high durability

  Large knocker to eliminate blockages

  Knocker mounting method

• Operating principle of relay knocker

  1. Compressed air flowing into the knocker is first supplied to the valve chamber, and the umbrella valve is pushed down and stored in the storage chamber.
  2. When the three-way valve is activated to exhaust the air in the valve room, compressed air in the storage chamber moves the umbrella valve up.
  3. When the umbrella valve moves, compressed air in the storage chamber pushes the piston down and hits the base surface.
  Its impact force eliminates adhesion and blockage of powders.

•  

   

  Specification

  Model	Pressure used (MPa)	Strike cycle (times/min)	Air consumption (L/time (ANR))	Strike Energy (N/m)	Impact force		Mass (kg)
  					(kg/m/s)	Equivalent Hammer (pounds)
  RKD30PA	0.3 ～ 0.7	1～60	0.05～0.13	5.5～13.1	1.2～1.8	1 or less	2.1
  RKD40PA			0.15～0.37	9.22～22.3	2.6～4.0	1～1.5	5.6
  RKD60PA			0.33～0.77	20.6～49.0	6.9～10.6	1.5～3	13.1
  RKD80PA			0.60～1.40	45.1～109	15.2～23.7	3～8	18.4
  RKD100PA			0.98～2.28	82.4～201	30.0～46.9	6～15	35.5
  RKD120P		1～6	3.32～6.64	131～321	52.0～84.0	Twice the equivalent of 100PA	52.6

Manufacturer: Miyakawa

Model: MArX: MArX-MB, MArX-MB-Z, MArX-MB-K

Product Video

Specification

• Other items of Miyakawa
• Request the quotation for Miyakawa

Features

• Reversible
• Multi-Vane Rotary Engine
• Planetary Gear Mechanism
• Connection: Key
• Mounting: Flange
• Operation: Remote

Specification

Dimension

Kouei is Distributor/Agent of Yutani
Other items of Yutani
Request the quotation for Yutani

For removing burr on cast iron. Finishing mold. Grinding metals and stones.

Specifications

Model Code

Outside Dimensions

• Kouei is Distributor/Agent of KONAN.
• Other items of KONAN.
• Request the quotation for KONAN.

Feature:

Compact design pneumatic cylinders for long strokes (up to 400mm)

• Provided with wear ring as standard part and applicable to long strokes
• New piston structure reduces the cylinder overall length.
• Two types of rod end, female thread and male thread, are available.
• A variety of accessories including mounting accessories and rod end attachments makes the cylinder applicable to a wide range of purposes.
• Order made cylinders of non-rotating type are available.

Specification:

Features of KT-5NX

Standard machine for straight-line cutting.

Speed adjustment is possible smoothly and steplessly by a handle.

The wheels are located on the outside of the body, making it easy to set up on rails

A robust body minimizes heat transfer to the interior

Options such as Y-opening, X-opening, and arc cutting (cutting circle Ø480 to 2,600mm) are possible by adding

Specification

※Rails and volcano mouths are sold separately. Please order as needed according to the work to be carried out
※Additionally, the most standard volcano mouth for acetylene is 3040G, and for LPG, it is 3051Ⅱ.

Option

KT-5NX Rail (Span 145mm, Length 1,820mm)

Height Trigger B1 (Standard)

Height Trigger B2 (with Start Interlock Function)

Height Trigger Auto (with Automatic Stop Function)

Y-Opening and X-Opening Specifications

By adding the necessary components, Y-opening and X-opening cutting are also possible. (The photo shows the Y-opening specification.)

Kouei is Distributor/Agent of Nissan Tanaka
Other items of Nissan Tanaka
Request the quotation for Nissan Tanaka

CS-51WAES(R) Fillet Stitch And Continuous Welding Carriage (Multi-purpose Simple Welding Carriage/ Carriage for Fillet

Features

• Fillet both the Stitch and Continuous welds.
• Minimized gear backlash offers various constant speed/adjustable controls precisely thus the highest quality welding and a long life by means of a Special Motor with a Reducer.
• Climb up a 75″ incline and limit switches to stop carriage travel and welding while activating.
• Crate fill at the beginning and end of welding.
• The magnet release handle is easy to mount and dismount.

Specifications